Historical Timeline of Forensic Science_Part-2_Important Facts

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1901 Sir Edward Richard Henry:- Forced the adoption of fingerprint identification and suggested to replace with anthropometry.

1901 Paul Uhlenhuth:- German immunologist. Develop precipitin test (for species identification)

1904 Oskar and Rudolf Alder:- Developed a presumptive test for blood-based on Benzidine called Benzidine test. Benzidine is developed by Marck.

1910 Edmond Locard:- Establish the first police crime laboratory and suggested a theory known as locard's exchange theory.

1910 Albert S Osborn:- Published book “questioned documents”.

1912 Masaeo Takayama:- He developed a microscopic crystal test for hemoglobin using haemo-chromogen crystals.

1915 Leone lattes:- Developed the first antibody test for ABO blood groups.  He was the first to use it in case word to resolve a marital dispute. He published the first book which deals not only with clinical issues but heritability paternity and typing of dried stains. He also developed a technique called the Absorption inhibition technique to identify blood groups from bloodstain.

1918 Sir Edmond Locard:- suggested 12 matching points as positive fingerprint identification.

1920 Calvin Goddard:- perfected the comparison microscope for the use in bullet comparison

1921 John Larson and Leonard keeler:- Designed the portable polygraph.

1923 Vittorio siracusa:-Developed an absorption elution test for ABO blood typing of stains.

1925 Sir Saburo Sirai:- Firstly recognize blood group-specific antigen into body fluid other than blood.

1927 Karl Landsteiner & Philip Levine:- Discovered MNs blood group system.

1928 Meullar:- First medico-legal investigator to suggest salivary amylase as a presumptive test for salivary stains.

1929 K I Yoshida:- conducted first comprehensive investigation establishing the existence of serological iso-antibodies in body fluid other than blood.

1932 FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation) was created.

1935 Frits Zernike:- Dutch scientist. Invented first interference contrast microscope & phase-contrast microscope. For this, he won the noble prize in 1953.

1937 Walter Specht:- Developed the chemiluminescent reagent luminol as a presumptive test for blood.

1938 M Polonovski & M Jayle:-  First identified Haptoglobin.

1940 Karl Landsteiner & A S Weiner:- Firstly discovered Rh blood Group system.

1945 Frank Lundquist:- Developed the acid phosphatase test for semen.

1946 Mourant:- firstly described the Lewis blood group system.

1946 R.R. Race:- Firstly described the Kell blood group system

1950 M. Cutbush:- First described the Duffy blood group system.

1951 F. H. Allen:- First described the Kidd blood grouping system.

1958 A. S. Weiner:-- Introduced the use of H-lectin to determine positively O blood type.

1963 D.A. Hopkinson:- First identified the polymorphic nature of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP).

1964 N. Spencer:- First identified the polymorphic nature of red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM).

1966 R. A. Fildes and H. Harris:- First identified the polymorphic nature of red cell adenylate cyclase (AK).

1968 Spencer:- First identified the polymorphic nature of red cell adenosine deaminase (ADA).

1975 J. Kompf:- First identified the polymorphic nature of red cell glyoxalase (GLO).

1985 Sir Alec Jeffrey:- Father of DNA fingerprinting. Developed the first DNA profiling test. It involved the detection of a multi-locus RFLP pattern.

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