Questions Set-3_ Cyber Forensic
1. What is the first and most crucial step in the digital forensics process?
A. Analysis
B. Preservation
C. Identification
D. Documentation
Answer: C. Identification
Explanation: The initial and most critical step is Identification. This involves identifying all potential sources of digital evidence, such as computers, mobile devices, and network logs, before any action is taken. All subsequent steps, like preservation and analysis, are dependent on this initial assessment.
2. What is the primary purpose of creating a "forensic image" of a storage device?
A. To compress the data for easier storage.
B. To create a physical backup of the device in case of damage.
C. To recover only the files that were deleted by the suspect.
Answer: D. To make an exact, bit-by-bit copy of the original data, leaving the original unaltered.
Explanation: A forensic image is a perfect, bit-by-bit clone of the original data. This process is essential for the preservation phase, as it allows all subsequent analysis to be conducted on the copy, ensuring the integrity of the original evidence is maintained and remains admissible in court.
3. What is the term for data that is actively stored in a computer's RAM, which can be lost if the system is improperly shut down?
A. Static data
B. Non-volatile data
C. Volatile data
D. Encrypted dataAnswer: C. Volatile data
Explanation: Volatile data is temporary data stored in a computer's memory (like RAM) that is crucial for an investigation. This data will be lost if the system is simply powered off, which is why special procedures are required for "live" systems.
4. What is the primary function of a hardware write blocker during a forensic investigation?
A. To protect the investigator's computer from malware on the suspect's device.
B. To physically prevent any data from being written to the original evidence device.
C. To decrypt any encrypted files found on the suspect's hard drive.
Answer: B. To physically prevent any data from being written to the original evidence device.
Explanation: A hardware write blocker is a device that acts as a physical barrier. It allows data to be read from a device but prevents any data from being written back, thus ensuring the integrity and original state of the evidence.
5. Why is a Faraday bag used when collecting a mobile device from a crime scene?
A. To protect the device from physical damage during transportation.
B. To securely charge the device and prevent battery drain.
C. To prevent remote data wiping or alteration by blocking all wireless signals.
D. To prevent unauthorized access to the device's internal memory.Answer: C. To prevent remote data wiping or alteration by blocking all wireless signals.
Explanation: A Faraday bag is a signal-blocking enclosure that isolates the mobile device, preventing any communication via cellular, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth networks. This is crucial for stopping a suspect from remotely wiping or altering the data.
6. Which of the following analysis techniques is used to find and reconstruct files that have been deleted from a storage device?
A. Timeline analysis
B. Cross-drive analysis
C. Malware analysis
D. File carvingAnswer: D. File carving
Explanation: File carving, also known as deleted file recovery, is a technique that involves searching for and reconstructing fragments of deleted files that still exist in the unallocated space of a storage medium.
7. What does the term "chain of custody" refer to in a digital forensics investigation?
A. The sequence of commands used to perform a forensic analysis.
B. A physical line of tape used to secure the crime scene perimeter.
C. The detailed, chronological record of evidence transfer and handling.
D. The legal authority required to seize and search a suspect's devices.Answer: C. The detailed, chronological record of evidence transfer and handling.
Explanation: The chain of custody is a complete and unbroken record of who has had possession of the evidence, where it was, and what was done to it from the moment it was seized. This documentation is critical for proving that the evidence has not been tampered with.
8. Which phase of the digital forensics process involves creating a comprehensive report for lawyers and judges?
A. Analysis
B. Preservation
C. Identification
D. Documentation and PresentationAnswer: D. Documentation and Presentation
Explanation: The Documentation phase is where all findings are meticulously recorded into a report, and the Presentation phase involves explaining these findings to a non-technical audience, such as in a court of law.
9. A digital forensics investigator is examining the flow of data through a corporate network to identify a source of a breach. Which branch of digital forensics is he most likely engaged in?
A. Mobile device forensics
B. Computer forensics
C. Network forensics
D. Database forensicsAnswer: C. Network forensics
Explanation: Network forensics is a specific branch of digital forensics that focuses on monitoring and analyzing network traffic and logs to gather evidence of cybercrimes or security breaches.
10. Which of the following is the most important reason for a digital forensics investigator to obtain a warrant before seizing a suspect's computer?
A. To get a detailed list of all the files on the computer.
B. To ensure the evidence is admissible in court.
C. To prevent the suspect from deleting data before the seizure.
Answer: B. To ensure the evidence is admissible in court.
Explanation: A warrant establishes the legal basis for the search and seizure. Without a proper warrant, any evidence collected could be deemed inadmissible in court, regardless of its relevance to the case.
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