Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions (1-5)-
A pickpocket committed a crime in crowded bus. He passed off the purse to his colleague, who fled when the bus came to a halt. When the victim chased the pickpocket, he thrust a knife into his abdomen & escaped. The victim died on the way to the hospital. When the police arrived at the scene the fellow passengers identified the assailant from the photograph of notorious pickpockets. CFPB, besides others, was informed of the wanted criminals along with their fingerprint details. Within a week 2 persons, moving under suspicious circumstances were detained at GRP, Bombay V.T. railway station. Their fingerprint recorded slips were sent to CFPB, Calcutta when their antecedents could not be traced In the State fingerprint bureau files. The CFPB, Calcutta traced the slips to those wanted by Delhi police. On the basis of this evidence the suspects were charged for murder & convicted. The conviction in this case was possible due to 10 digit system of record.
1. World’s first fingerprint bureau was established in which year & state?
a) Calcutta;1987
b) West Bengal;1897
c) Calcutta;1897
d) West Bengal;1987
Answer-C
2. A book named “Finger Prints” was published by-
a) Sir William Herschel
b) Sir Edward Richard Henry
c) Dr. Henry faulds
d) Sir Francis Galton
Answer-D
Explanation
A book named “Finger Prints” was published by Sir Francis Galton in 1892 in which he wrote about the fundamental principles of fingerprints while categorising them into three classes i.e. Arches, Whorls and Loops.
3. What is the percentage of availability of arch pattern in human beings?
a) 2-3%
b) 5-10%
c) 60-65%
d) 30-35%
Answer-B
Explanation
· The frequency of plain and tented arches and composite patterns is relatively low in comparison to the frequency of loops and whorls.
· That’s why the primary classification system plain and tented arches have been grouped under the loops types along with radial and ulnar loops.
· The composite patterns have been grouped under the whorl types.
4. The complete primary formula(10 digit classification system) will fluctuate between-
a) 0 to 1
b) 1/31 to 32/31
c) 1/1 to 32/32
d) None of these
Answer-C
Explanation
· The five pairs provide 1024 possible combinations and the numerical value totals out to be 31/31 in case of whorls and 0/0 in case of loops.
· So, a value of 1 is added to both the numerator denominator so that the final figure becomes 32/32 for whorls and 1/1 for loops.
5. What is the full form of AFIS-
a) Automatic Fingerprint Identification System
b) Automated Fingerprint Individualisation System
c) Automated Fingerprint Identification System
d) Automatic Fingerprint Individualisation System
Answer-C
6. Henry Classification System of fingerprints was developed by-
a) Sir Hem Chandra Bose & Dr. Henry Faulds
b) Dr. Henry Faulds & Sir Francis Galton
c) Sir William James Herschel
d) Sir Hem Chandra Bose, Qazi Azizul Haque & Sir Edward R. Henry
Answer-D
Additional points
- Level-1 features are the macro details of fingerprints, such as singular points and fingerprint patterns, & flow of ridges e.g., delta and core.
- Level-2 features primarily refer to the minutiae, namely, ridge endings and bifurcations etc.
- Level-3 features are often defined as the dimensional attributes of the ridges and include sweat pores, ridge contours, and individual ridge edge features, all of which provide quantitative data supporting more accurate and robust fingerprint recognition.
Latent print development
methods
- Porus surface absorb water & water soluble deposits in sweat quickly after deposition. For example- paper, currency, cigarette butts, fabric, cardboard etc.
1. DFO(1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one)2. Ninhydrin (1,2,3-triketohydrindene hydrate)3. Physical developer (silver nitrate, super glue fuming)
- Non-Porus surface not absorb water & water soluble deposits in sweat quickly after deposition. It can remain on surface for a long time. Example- glass, metal surface, glossy paint, glazed ceramic, poly bag etc.
1. Super glue (cyanoacrylate ester)2. Fluorescent dye stain (Rhodamine 6G)3. Various types of powder
- Semi-Porus surface absorb water & water soluble deposits in sweat very slowly after deposition. For example- wax surface, varnish wood, paper with glossy finish, certain types of wall paints, certain type of plastics etc. Either of the Porus surface methods or Non-Porus surface methods or there is used to develop latent print availale on this surface.
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