FORENSIC DOCUMENT
Q1. The commonest constituents of ink are
a. Iron, magnesium and calcium
b. Iron and phenol
c. Tannic acid, gallic acid and ferrous salts with phenol
d. Ferrous salts and usage of some dyes
ANSWER:
c. Tannic acid, gallic acid and ferrous salts with phenol
EXPLANATION:
The commonest constituents of traditional writing inks, especially iron gall ink (one of the most historically significant and widely used inks), are:
• Tannic Acid – derived from oak galls, contributes to the initial dark color.
• Gallic Acid – also from oak galls; helps stabilize the ink and increases color intensity.
• Ferrous Salts – like ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), which reacts with tannins to form a black or dark blue pigment.
• Phenol – added in small quantities as a preservative to prevent bacterial or fungal growth
Q2. Match the following:
LIST I LIST II
a. Raman spectroscopy I. Includes security threads, microprinting, UV patterns, and color shifting ink
b. FTIR II. Detects chemical composition of paper and ink using infrared adsorption
C. Dating of documents via Ink Aging III. Non-destructive analysis to identify ink components at molecular level
d. Watermark examination IV. Helps determine the paper manufacturer and potential date of production
e. Counterfeit currency detection features V. Determines relative age of ink based on solvent evaporation or degradation
Codes:
a. b. c. d. e.
a. III. V. II. I. IV.
b. V. II. III. I. IV.
c. IV. III. I. II. V.
d. III. II. V. IV. I.
ANSWER:
d. III. II. V. IV. I.
Q3. Assertion (A): Raman spectroscopy is preferred over UV-Vis spectroscopy for detecting inks on thermally sensitive documents.
Reason (R): Raman spectroscopy does not rely on heat or UV radiation, minimizing sample degradation.
a. Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is correct but R is false.
d. A is false but R is correct.
ANSWER:
a. Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A
EXPLANATION:
Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique that uses laser light (usually in the visible or near-infrared range) to detect molecular vibrations without significantly heating the sample. Raman relies on inelastic scattering of photons, not absorption of UV or visible light, and generates minimal heat, unlike UV-Vis spectroscopy, which can cause photodegradation, especially in old or thermally sensitive inks/papers.
Q4. Assertion (A): Infrared (IR) luminescence in document analysis is primarily used to detect counterfeit documents.
Reason (R): Certain inks absorb IR light and appear darker, helping differentiate between original and altered entries.
a. Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is correct but R is false.
d. A is false but R is correct.
ANSWER:
b. Both A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation of A
EXPLANATION:
The main use of IR luminescence in document analysis is to detect altered or counterfeit documents, but it doesn't solely rely on inks appearing darker. It involves more complex patterns such as invisible ink, paper composition, and fiber analysis.
Q5. Photocopied documents can be connected specifically with a photocopier with the analysis of
a. Toner and defect marks on the drum
b. Defect marks on the drum of photocopier
c. Only toner used in photocopier
d. The font type used to prepare the document
ANSWER:
a. Toner and defect marks on the drum
EXPLANATION:
The type of toner used in a photocopier can leave behind distinctive marks or patterns that can be analyzed. Different photocopiers use different types of toners, which can help link a document to a specific model or brand of copier.
Photocopiers may have defects or wear marks on their drum, which are transferred onto the copy. These marks can often appear as repetitive patterns or spots, and forensic examiners can use these to identify the specific copier used to produce the document.
Q6. Which of the following is not a sizing agent for paper
a. Starch
b. Gum Arabic
c. Animal gelatin
d. Aluminium hydroxide
ANSWER:
d. Aluminium hydroxide
EXPLANATION:
Sizing agents are substances added to paper during the manufacturing process to improve its properties, such as resistance to water and ink absorption, and to enhance its strength and smoothness. The most common sizing agents for paper include:
• a. Starch: Used as a surface sizing agent, starch helps in providing strength and improving the smoothness of paper.
• b. Gum Arabic: This is a natural gumming agent used in paper production to improve ink adhesion and smoothness. It’s commonly used in high-quality papers like watercolor paper.
• c. Animal gelatin: Often used as a size in traditional papermaking. It provides strength and water resistance to paper.
• d. Aluminium hydroxide: This is not typically used as a sizing agent in paper production. It is more commonly associated with other chemical processes, like water treatment or as a precursor in the production of aluminum.
Q7. Which of the following can be used to preserve fragile documents?
a. Citric acid
b. Formalin
c. Polypropylene
d. Polyvinyl acetate
ANSWER:
d. Polypropylene
EXPLANATION:
olypropylene is a plastic material commonly used in archival storage and preservation of fragile documents. It is pH-neutral, resistant to chemical degradation, and does not react with the materials in the documents. Polypropylene envelopes, sleeves, and folders are widely used to protect and preserve sensitive documents from environmental factors like moisture, dust, and physical damage.
Q8. The security thread in a genuine currency note is
a. Line made by printing
b. Aluminium foil inserted in a paper
c. Impressed by a roller in a pulpy state
d. Silver foil inserted in a paper
ANSWER:
b. Aluminium foil inserted in a paper
EXPLANATION:
The security thread in a genuine currency note is typically a metallic thread (usually made of aluminium) that is inserted into the paper during the manufacturing process. This thread is embedded within the note and often has features such as microtext, watermarks, or other patterns that can only be seen when the note is held up to the light. The aluminium foil thread is one of the key security features designed to prevent counterfeiting.
Q9. Which of the following instrument can be used for differentiating two inks having similar shades in visible light?
a. VSC
b. Comparison microscope
c. Stereozoom microscope
d. Scanning electron microscope
ANSWER:
a. VSC
EXPLANATION:
The Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) is a highly advanced instrument used in forensic document analysis. It can help differentiate between inks that look similar under visible light by using different wavelengths of light (like UV and infrared) to reveal subtle differences that are invisible to the naked eye. This makes it highly effective for identifying and comparing inks that appear similar in visible ligh
Q10. The handwriting of an individual may change with?
a. Neurological changes
b. Temperature
c. Humidity
d. Situation
ANSWER:
a. Neurological changes
EXPLANATION:
Handwriting can change due to several factors, but the most significant one listed here is neurological changes. Conditions such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, or other neurological disorders can alter the motor skills required for writing. These changes can lead to variations in handwriting, such as tremors, slowness, or irregularities in writing style.
Content Writer:- Bhawana Sharma
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