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Questions Set-4_Forensic Ballistics
1. Which of the following is the primary factor that determines the direction of the projectile after a firearm is discharged?
A. Barrel rifling
B. Gunpowder charge
C. Gas expansion and pressure
D. Length of the barrel
Answer:
C. Gas expansion and pressure
Explanation:
The direction of a bullet is primarily influenced by the pressure generated by the expanding gases from the burning gunpowder. While rifling imparts a spin on the bullet, the initial movement is driven by the force of gas expansion pushing the projectile down the barrel.
2. In forensic ballistics, the "chamber mark" refers to:
A. Impressions left by the barrel's rifling pattern on the projectile
B. The indentations left on the cartridge case by the firing pin
C. The mark left by the breech face of the firearm on the cartridge case
D. The toolmarks left on the bullet after it exits the barrel
Answer:
C. The mark left by the breech face of the firearm on the cartridge case
Explanation:
The breech face of the firearm leaves a distinctive mark on the cartridge case during firing, and this mark is used to identify the firearm that was used. This is crucial in forensic ballistics as it provides another means to link a particular firearm to a shooting event.
3. When a bullet passes through a target, the entrance hole is typically:
A. Smaller and rounder than the exit hole
B. Larger and irregular compared to the exit hole
C. Similar in size to the exit hole but smoother
D. Always larger than the exit hole due to barrel deformation
Answer:
A. Smaller and rounder than the exit hole
Explanation: The entrance hole of a bullet is generally smaller and more uniform because it is created by the bullet's initial contact with the target. The exit hole is usually larger and may be irregular due to the bullet's deformation as it exits the target material.
4. Which of the following methods is best suited for determining the distance between a firearm and the target in a shooting incident?
A. Analyzing the gunshot residue (GSR) on the victim's clothes
B. Using a ballistic gelatin model to simulate the injury pattern
C. Measuring the pattern of stippling or tattooing around the wound
D. Analyzing the rifling pattern on the bullet
Answer:
C. Measuring the pattern of stippling or tattooing around the wound
Explanation:
The distance between a firearm and a target can be estimated by analyzing the pattern of stippling (small particles of gunpowder) or tattooing around a wound. The closer the gun to the target, the more intense and focused the stippling will be. As the distance increases, the stippling pattern becomes more diffuse.
5. Which of the following is the primary reason why lead-based ammunition (traditionally used) has been phased out in many jurisdictions for hunting and sport shooting?
A. Lead is too soft for accurate rifling
B. Lead bullets degrade too rapidly in the barrel
C. Lead can cause environmental contamination and health hazards
D. Lead-based bullets are more expensive to manufacture
Answer:
C. Lead can cause environmental contamination and health hazards
Explanation:
Lead bullets can cause significant environmental contamination, particularly when they break down in the soil, affecting both wildlife and human health. As a result, many places have moved to non-toxic alternatives like copper or steel for ammunition, especially in hunting contexts.
6. Which of the following statements about the "NIBIN" (National Integrated Ballistics Information Network) system is true?
A. NIBIN is primarily used to analyze gunshot residue (GSR) samples
B. NIBIN compares images of bullets and cartridge cases to create a database of ballistic information
C. NIBIN is used to track the origin of specific firearms through ballistic fingerprinting only
D. NIBIN identifies firearms based on serial numbers etched into the barrel
Answer:
B. NIBIN compares images of bullets and cartridge cases to create a database of ballistic information
Explanation:
NIBIN is a comprehensive system used to capture and compare images of fired bullets and cartridge cases in order to identify connections between firearms and various crime scenes. It allows law enforcement agencies to track firearms used in multiple crimes by matching ballistic evidence.
7. In forensic ballistics, the term "cannelure" refers to:
A. A groove on the bullet that provides the necessary stabilization for flight
B. A crimping or groove feature on the bullet's surface to hold the bullet in place in the cartridge
C. A unique marking made by the firing pin on the cartridge primer
D. The lead core exposed at the base of the bullet
Answer:
B. A crimping or groove feature on the bullet's surface to hold the bullet in place in the cartridge
Explanation:
A cannelure is a groove or crimp around a bullet that serves to secure the bullet within the cartridge casing. It also helps in identifying the type of ammunition used and can be useful in tracing the bullet back to a particular manufacturer.
8. Which of the following statements about "rifling" is incorrect?
A. Rifling patterns are used to match bullets to specific firearms
B. Rifling patterns consist of spiraling grooves that impart a spin to the bullet
C. The rifling in a barrel can be either left-handed or right-handed
D. Rifling does not affect the bullet’s trajectory after it exits the barrel
Answer:
D. Rifling does not affect the bullet’s trajectory after it exits the barrel
Explanation:
Rifling has a critical role in stabilizing the bullet's flight by imparting a spin, which improves accuracy. It affects the trajectory of the bullet by making it more stable and less susceptible to aerodynamic forces, especially over longer distances.
9. What is the term used for the microscopic marks left on a bullet as it travels down the barrel of a firearm?
A. Toolmarks
B. Striations
C. Impressions
D. Residues
Answer:
B. Striations
Explanation:
Striations are the microscopic marks left on the bullet as it travels down the rifled barrel of a firearm. These marks are unique to each firearm and are used in forensic investigations to link a bullet to a particular weapon.
10. In cases involving high-velocity firearms, the type of injury sustained by a victim is most commonly associated with:
A. The bullet's diameter
B. The bullet's kinetic energy
C. The shape of the bullet
D. The rifling twist rate
Answer:
B. The bullet's kinetic energy
Explanation:
High-velocity firearms create significant kinetic energy, which can cause extensive damage to tissues and bones, resulting in devastating injuries. The higher the velocity, the more energy is transferred to the target, leading to a larger and more destructive wound cavity.
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