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Questions Set-5_Forensic Ballistics
1. Which of the following is true about the "breech face mark" on a cartridge case?
A. It is made by the firing pin during the discharge.
B. It is the result of the cartridge case coming into contact with the barrel’s rifling.
C. It is a unique impression left by the rear portion of the firearm's chamber when the cartridge is fired.
D. It can be used to identify the type of gunpowder used in the cartridge.
Answer:
C. It is a unique impression left by the rear portion of the firearm's chamber when the cartridge is fired.
Explanation:
The breech face mark is a distinctive impression left on the cartridge case when the rear of the cartridge (the case) contacts the breech face during firing. It helps forensic experts identify the firearm used in the shooting.
2. Which factor has the greatest impact on the terminal ballistics of a bullet when considering the overall effectiveness of the bullet on the target?
A. Bullet's diameter and mass
B. Bullet's velocity at the moment of impact
C. Bullet's construction and composition (e.g., hollow-point or full-metal jacket)
D. Bullet's rifling pattern in the firearm barrel
Answer:
B. Bullet's velocity at the moment of impact
Explanation:
Terminal ballistics refers to the behavior of a projectile when it hits its target. Bullet velocity at impact is a critical factor because higher velocity leads to greater energy transfer, creating more damage. The bullet's construction also influences how it expands or deforms upon impact, but velocity plays the most decisive role in terminal performance.
3. What is the main advantage of using ballistic gelatin in forensic studies?
A. It accurately replicates human tissue reactions to bullet impact.
B. It provides precise data about the gunpowder residue distribution.
C. It simulates the rifling patterns of various firearms.
D. It measures the velocity of a bullet upon entering the target.
Answer:
A. It accurately replicates human tissue reactions to bullet impact.
Explanation:
Ballistic gelatin is a synthetic material that mimics human muscle and tissue in terms of density and response to ballistic impacts. It is often used to measure wound channels and study the behavior of bullets after they enter a living body, providing insight into terminal ballistics.
4. In the forensic analysis of a cartridge case, which feature would be least useful in identifying the specific firearm used in a shooting?
A. Firing pin impression
B. Breech face mark
C. Extractor mark
D. Primer type
Answer:
D. Primer type
Explanation:
While the firing pin impression, breech face mark, and extractor marks are all unique to the firearm and useful for ballistic comparisons, the primer type is not as unique, since many firearms may use similar types of primers. The primer type doesn't provide sufficient detail for identification.
5. The phenomenon where the trajectory of a bullet is altered after exiting the barrel due to environmental conditions, is called:
A. Coriolis Effect
B. Ballistic Drift
C. Muzzle Flash Phenomenon
D. Acoustic Distortion
Answer:
B. Ballistic Drift
Explanation:
Ballistic drift occurs when environmental factors such as wind, air resistance, and the Earth's rotation cause the bullet's trajectory to deviate from the expected path. While Coriolis effect is a real-world phenomenon, it's usually irrelevant in typical shooting distances.
6. Which type of firearm ammunition typically causes the most destruction upon impact due to its expansion after hitting the target?
A. Full Metal Jacket (FMJ)
B. Hollow-point ammunition
C. Armor-piercing ammunition
D. Soft-point ammunition
Answer:
B. Hollow-point ammunition
Explanation:
Hollow-point bullets are designed to expand upon impact, increasing the surface area and causing significant tissue damage. This results in a larger wound cavity, making it more destructive than FMJ or soft-point bullets. Armor-piercing rounds, while effective against armor, are designed to penetrate without significant expansion.
7. Which of the following marks left on a cartridge case provides the most significant information about the action type of the firearm used in a shooting?
A. Firing pin impression
B. Extractor mark
C. Ejector mark
D. Chamber mark
Answer:
C. Ejector mark
Explanation:
The ejector mark provides information about the firearm's action type (semi-automatic, bolt action, or revolver). Different actions eject cartridge cases in distinct ways, and the ejector mark can indicate how the case was expelled from the firearm.
8. In forensic firearms analysis, which factor would most likely influence the accuracy of a trajectory analysis when reconstructing a shooting event?
A. Bullet type (e.g., FMJ vs. hollow-point)
B. Distance from muzzle to target
C. Environmental conditions (wind, humidity, etc.)
D. Time since the shooting incident occurred
Answer:
C. Environmental conditions (wind, humidity, etc.)
Explanation:
Environmental factors such as wind, air density, and humidity can significantly affect the trajectory of a bullet. These factors influence the bullet's flight path and, if not considered, can lead to errors in trajectory analysis. Bullet type and muzzle-to-target distance are important but are more predictable than environmental conditions.
9. The process of groove cutting in a rifled barrel is most commonly achieved by which of the following methods?
A. Button rifling
B. Hammer-forging
C. Cold-drawing
D. Electrochemical rifling
Answer:
A. Button rifling
Explanation:
Button rifling is a common method of cutting grooves into a barrel. In this method, a hardened steel button is pushed or pulled through the barrel to create the rifling. It's known for producing smooth, consistent grooves and is used widely in the manufacturing of firearms.
10. The phenomenon known as "secondary gunshot wounds" occurs when:
A. A victim is shot multiple times at different angles.
B. A bullet fragments upon impact, creating secondary projectiles.
C. A firearm misfires and causes a ricochet injury.
D. The bullet causes a massive exit wound that leads to additional tissue damage.
Answer:
B. A bullet fragments upon impact, creating secondary projectiles.
Explanation:
Secondary gunshot wounds can occur when a bullet breaks apart upon impact with the target, creating smaller fragments that can injure surrounding tissues. This phenomenon is more likely to occur with high-velocity projectiles or hollow-point ammunition, which is designed to expand and fragment.
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