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A

Ampersand: - the symbol used as an abbreviation for “and” word/

Ataxic movements: - poorly controlled movements due to lack of motor control.

Ascenders: - strokes of letters that ascend above the middle zone of the lowercase letters. For e.g. b, d, h, l. f. k, and t.

Arcade: arch-like stroke.

Angle: - an abrupt change of direction of the written stroke.

Arc:- a bow-like curved line (part of a circle).

Asterisk:- star-shaped symbol(*), used to indicate a reference to a footnote.

B

Bars: - arms or limbs of letters used in the construction of certain letters, such as t-bar and crossbar on "h" and "a".

Blob: - It is also termed glob of ink. An ink spot formed due to the pen resting on the paper momentarily just before beginning or continuing the writing act.

Blunt strokes: - The un-tapered strokes at the starting or ending that result from the pen being placed on paper before movement begins or leaving the paper until the writing ends.

Boustrophedonic: - writing that goes from right to left, turns around at the end of the line, and returns from left to right & so on.

Bradygraphica: - defined as slow writing.

Buckle: - an indentation on the downstroke of r and k.

Beard: - a slight hook that precedes the body of a letter, not to be confused with a part of the initial stroke.

Bitmap: - a mosaic of dots or pixels defining an image, including dot matrix imprints. The smoothness of the image contours depends on the fineness of resolution & the number of dots or pixels per inch.

Blind loop: - loop formation that has been completely filled in with ink.

C

Colophon: - a short note at the end of a book, usually handwritten, giving details of its author and the make of the book. Also, the emblem or device of a publishing house, title page, or back of a book.

D

Disguised Writing: - A writing made with an attempt to conceal the writer’s identity by changing the characteristic features of writing. Lack of fluency, pen stroke, tremors, etc. are in inappropriate locations

Distorted writing: - unintentional changes can be seen in one’s own handwriting due to some mentally disturbed condition or any environmental condition. Proper fluency, pen stroke, tremors, etc are inappropriate locations.

Diacritic:- an accent mark that is used over letters. Generally found in foreign alphabet systems that change the pronunciation.

Descenders: - A parts of the letter that descend below the baseline, as in p, g, j, f, and y.

E

Electronic recording method of accounting (ERMA): - the magnetic routing number at the bottom of a bank check.

Epigraphy: - It is the study of the written matter recorded on hard or durable material. It is the recording of ancient languages on stone, clay, metal, bone, ivory, or similar material.

Embellishment: - added ornamentation to the design of letters of the alphabet

Eyelet: - a very small form of loop.

F

Freehand: - written without guidance or proper practice; a freehand forgery is one in which the forger copies the letters without tracing them.

Feathered strokes: - serrated lines on letters.

Filiform script: - cursive writing that trails into a line without distinguishable letterforms, resembling a thread or filament, also called thready writing.

Flying finish: - the diminishing tapering of a terminal stroke when the motion of the instrument does not stop at the completion of a word, or the minute barb sometimes growing out of it.

Flying start: - the growing taper of an initial stroke, or the delicate initial hook, that appears where the motion of the instrument precedes actual writing.

G

Garland: - u-shaped strokes of writing used primarily to connect letters in a word.

Gutter: - It is the space between printed columns of text.

Guillemets: -horizontal chevrons, << ~>, used in french to mark quotations.

Goop or Gooping: - It is usually caused by ballpoint pens when they go around curved writing. The ink collects on the ball of the pen and is dispersed onto the paper in an excessive amount at that point on the writing line.

Graphology: - the science of determining personality from handwriting characteristics.

Graphometry: - It is a handwriting characterizing method by measurement of the proportionate values of the angles and ratios of the heights and widths of letters.

Guilloche: - It is the characteristic feature of intaglio security printing. It is free-swinging asymmetrical curves; a succession of smooth convoluting lines that intersect themselves,

H

Hiatus: - It is defined as space or breaks between letters in a word. it is formed when the instrument leaves the paper; an opening; an Interruption in the continuity of a line.

Hairline: - a very thin stroke

Headline: - the imaginary line to which the average tops of the small letters reach.

Hieroglyphics: - word-syllabic writing system developed by the Egyptians around 3000 BC; it consists of pictographs or ideograms to represent words.

Holograph or hologram: - a handwritten document prepared entirely in the handwriting of the person who signs it.

Hook: - a small curve made as part of the letter, involuntary.

Harpoon: - the snapped-back ending of a written stroke; shaped like a harpoon (Long spear-like tool used in fishing)

Hitch: - the introductory backward stroke added to the beginning of many capital letters and some lowercase letters.

Haplography: - an unintentional omission in writing or copying of one or more adjacent and similar letters, words, lines, or syllables.

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