Dictionary_Questioned Document_Part-2

I

Ideographs:- Ideas expression method using images or pictures.

Inscriptive movements:- defined as the movement that creates the letter formation.

Inerthand:- a method of writing in which the writer who holds the writing instrument doesn’t have any motor activity either the writer is conscious or unconscious. In this the writing is made by a guide who leads the writing instrument through the medium of the hand of the writer (first person). It is due to the writer may be weak or illiterate.

Interline:- the insertion of additional words between the lines of a written document.

Interstice:- Intervening space between lines of writing, between fibers in paper, etc.

J

Junction:- meeting of two lines that do not cross.

K

Kerning:- space between individual letters or characters

L

Labored writing:- writing produced with difficulty or strain.

Ligatures:- In cursive writing, it is connecting strokes between letters.

Loop:- two opposite curves united at one end in a turn and at the other in an intersection.

lateral writing:- writing which is characterized by wide letters and wide spacing.

M

Metagraphics:- These Punctuation marks. Symbols are understood even though they have no conventional counterpart in speech.

Majuscule:- the capital or upper case forms of letters. Similar to Uncials(written entirely in capital letters).

Manuscript writing:- a disconnected form of writing using many printed letterforms, frequently taught to children in elementary schools as the first step in learning to write.

Microphotography:- the term used for making large photographs of small objects, usually Through a microscope.

Minim:- short vertical strokes on the baseline, e.g., the legs of “m”.

Minuscule:- the small or lower case forms of letters, as opposed to capitals.

Moneybag:- a vernacular term, used to describe an inflated, oversized lower loop.

N

Nodule:- Resultant of "gooping" in ball-point pens. Small, rounded mass or lump of ink due to excessive deposition.

O

Off-its-feet:- the condition of a typeface, that prints heavier on one side or corner than the remainder of the Character.

P

Paleography:- It is the study of ancient writing. Defined as the method of recording ancient languages on papyrus, paper, and wax.

Palimpsest:- these are legal, historic documents that contain writing over an erasure.

Patching:- retouching strokes of writing, usually by a forger who wants to improve the appearance of the writing.

Pen emphasis:- Act of intermittently forcing the pen onto the paper surface with increased pressure.

Pen position:- the angle relationship between the axis of the pen and the paper.

Pica:- a unit for measurement of printer's type, approximately 1/6 inches or 12 points typically used for vertical Measurement. Also, a term used to denote conventional monotone typewriter typeface that has a fixed Character width of 10 to the inch.

Polyphones: - symbols that have more than one phonetic value.

Paraph:- flourishing or sweeping line, stroke or dot, above, through, or below a signature; an underscore or underline. Also termed as Rubric.

R

Range of writing:- normal variations found in an individual’s handwriting.

Rebus writing:- writing where a sign stands for a phonetic combination.

Reticles in optics:- refer to very fine measuring lines in the focus of optional instruments.

Rhythm:- refers to the even return to the baseline by a writer.

Rebound:-a typewriter defect in which a character prints a double impression with the lighter one slightly Offset to the right or left.

River gaps:- In writing or printing pattern that form a straggling white stream down the page.

S

Sans serif:- “without lines,” at the top and bottom of letters or at end of curves on typestyles.

Serif:- additional line at the top and bottom of letters or at end of curves on typestyles.

Spur:- short, straight writing stroke in a letter.

Spurious writing:- non-genuine or non-authentic writing.

Serrations:- roughness along the edges of an ink line seen under a microscope.

Set-off:- the unwanted transfer of ink from one sheet of paper to the back of the sheet above.

Shading:- stressed contrast between thin upstrokes and thick downstrokes. Widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on the writing instrument.

Skeletal stem:- letter extensions made without the required loop formation.

Stem:- the downstroke of lowercase letters.

Soldered break:- a corrective retracing by which the writer attempts to fit together the two ends of a broken stroke so that no hiatus remains.

Splicing:- a term used to denote the slight overlapping of two strokes after an interruption in the writing action.

Starving:- a condition in which there is an inadequate flow of writing fluid onto the writing surface.

Swash:- flourishment replacing a terminal stroke or serif.

T

Tittle:- the smallest part, an i-dot.

Tremor:- shaky or corrugated lines caused by slow writing either as a result of the difficulty in writing or an attempt to forge.

Thil:- a terminal or ending-stroke; sometimes used to refer to the leg of an "it" or "k," or to the final

Element of the "q."

Tenting:- a term used to describe a letter that contains a tent-shaped form.

Tick:- any superfluous small stroke preceding or succeeding the body of a letter.

Tilde:- a small stroke or mark used in writing or printing placed above certain letters in some languages to Denote a change in sound; a diacritical mark.

Trough:- the bend, crook, or inner side of a curve opening upwards, or, the valleys of letters such as "u:"'v," "w," and "y."

Typeface:- the name of a particular design of printed characters and symbols.

U

Undercurve:- a forward oval movement in an upstroke.

Undercut:- a connection that falls below the base of the succeeding letter.

V

Versal letters:- those that mark important parts of the text, used for headings and words written at the

beginning of books or chapters; often distinguished by size, color, and ornamentation which tends towards curves and flourishes.

Virgule (Diagonal stroke):- a short oblique, slant, and slash mark, a dividing line as in dates, fractions, etc. Used to Mean "or" (as in and/or), or "per" (as in miles/hour) etc.

W

Watermark:- Identifying mark placed on paper by a dandy roll during the manufacturing

Process.

Walking cane:- a term is sometimes given to the initial loop and stem of some capital letters when the curvature and design suggest the resemblance.

Whirl:- the curved upstroke, usually on letters that have long loops.

Writing offset:- the transfer of fresh ink upon contact with another document producing a mirror image of part of the writing.

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