Forensic Medicine_Biological sciences practise set_FACT & FACT plus

Q1. How many types of brain death?

1. Cortical death

2. Brainstem death

3. Combination of both

4. All of these 

Answer:- 4

Explanation

Cortical death is the type of brain death in which the cortex is damaged/ destroyed. Often here the brainstem is still intact that is the patient can survive independently if sufficient nutrition is provided.

Brainstem death or brain death is when a person on an artificial life support system or machine no longer has any brain functions. This means they will not regain any consciousness or be able to breathe without support. A person whose brainstem death or brain dead is legally confirmed as dead.

Q2. What are the postmortem changes seen in the eye?

1. Eyeball becomes flaccid

2. Brownish discoloration of the sclera

3. Increment on potassium level in the vitreous humor

4. All of these 

Answer:- 4 

Explanation

• No reflexes in cornea & pupil.
• The cornea of the deck east also became cloudy (opaque) after two hours of death.
• Pressure in the eyes starts to decrease an eyeball becomes flaccid before it sinks into the orbits of the eyes.
• Trachenoire is the change seen in the ocular during the post mortem examination. It is an artifact of drying consisting of brownish discoloration of the sclera in the exposed part when eyelids are not closed at death and left open for 2 to 3 hours. The cause of this change is mainly the formation of cellular debris and dust settling thereon. It is yellowish to start with, turns reddish brown and lastly black in course of time.

Q3. What do you mean by contusion?

1. Medical terminology for bruise

2. Blood capillaries have been injured at the injured site

3. Both A & B

4. Skin is torn

Answer:- 3

Q4. The legal definition of the injury is defined under which section?

1. Section 41 IPC

2. Section 42 IPC

3. Section 43 IPC

4. Section 44 IPC 

Answer-4 

Explanation

Section 44 IPC:- Injury The word “injury” denotes any harm illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation or property.

Q5. Which among the following is not the type of thermal injury?

1. Radiation injury

2. Trench foot

3. Chemical burn

4. All of these 

Answer:-4 

Explanation

Mechanical Injuries

a) Aberrations

b) Contusions

c) Lacerations

d) Incised

e) Stab

f) Firearm

g) Fractures and dislocation

Thermal Injuries

a) Due to heat: bones and scalds

b) Due to cold: frostbite, trench foot, immersion foot

c) Chemical Burns

d) Radiation Burns due to X ray, UV, etc.

e) Electric burns

f) Lightning burns

g) Explosive burns

Q6. What is the medical-legal classification of injury?

1. Simple & grievous injury

2. Incised & lacerated wound

3. Bruise & abrasion

4. None of these 

Answer:- 1

Explanation

1. Depending upon severity:- simple injuries and grievous injuries

2. Another classification:- suicidal, homicidal, accidental, defense, and false injury

3. Depending upon the movement of death:-Ante-mortem injury & postmortem injury.

Q7. Which among the following is not the type of abrasion?

1. Pressure

2. Imprint

3. Contused

4. All are its types 

Answer:-4 

Explanation

It is a superficial injury. They bleed slightly, though sometimes there may be only lymph exudation. Large abrasion may be painful and may bleed profusely the site of abrasion is the site of impact the following are the different types of abrasions,

1. Scratches

2. Grazes

3. Pressure abrasions

4. Imprint abrasions

5. Other abrasions

6. Contused abrasions

Q8. What is the medical importance of bruises?

1. Age of wound caused

2. Type of weapon used

3. Type of injury caused

4. All of these 

Answer:- 4 

Explanation

• Bruises may be accidental suicidal or homicidal.
• Self-inflicted bruises are very rare.
• Actually, it is a simple injury but contusion of the heart may cause death. Multiple contusions may cause death from shock and internal hemorrhage.
• The shape and size of the bruise generally correspond to the object. So, the weapon or object can be identified.

Q9. What is the medical-legal importance of lacerations?

1. Cause of injury

2. Weapon used

3. Angle of impact

4. All of these 

Answer:-4 

Explanation

• Lacerations are usually seen in accidents.
• Suicidal lacerations are very rare.
• The type of laceration may indicate the cause of injury or the shape of the weapon.
• Foreign matter may be found in the wound and indicate the crime and the circumstances.

Q10. What are the characteristics of incised wounds?

1. Fine sharp cut

2. Tissues are torn & abraded

3. Usually Contusion is absent

4. Both 1 & 3 

Answer:- 4

Explanation

• Edges of the incised wound are smooth, cleanly cut, and free from contusions.
• If an incised wound is caused by a heavy weapon the edges of the wound may show contusions.
• The starting of the incised wound becomes shallower and deeper towards the end.
• The ending portion of an incised wound shows the direction by which the weapon was drawn off.

Q11. What is the medical-legal importance of incised wounds?

1. Type of weapon

2. Type of injury

3. Cause of death

4. All are correct 

Answer:- 4 

Explanation

• It indicates the nature of the weapon
• It gives an idea about the site of impact and the direction of the force.
• The homicidal incised wounds, defense incisions are present on the dorsum of the hand ulnar aspect of the forearm or on the palm.
• Postmortem incised owns may be caused by the criminal to hide crime or identity.

Other types of injuries

1. Self-inflicted injuries

2. Defense injuries

3. Offensive injuries

4. Unintentional injuries

5. Fatal and non-fatal injuries