Q1.
What are the uses of DNA profiling?
- Paternity testing
- Twins Identification
- Immigration
- Criminal justice
- All of these
Answer:- 5
Q2.
Which biological material is not used
for DNA profiling?
- WBCs
- RBCs
- Tissues
- Body fluids
Answer:- 2
Q3.
Which of the following statement is not correct about the DNA fingerprinting
and DNA profiling?
- DNA fingerprinting is used to study the unique patterns of DNA; DNA profiling is used for the analysis of individuals DNA characteristics for forensic studies.
- DNA Profiling is used to study the unique patterns of DNA; DNA Fingerprinting is used for the analysis of individuals DNA characteristics for forensic studies.
- DNA fingerprinting focuses on VNTRs including both minisatellites and microsatellites; DNA Profiling focuses on STRs that is short tandem repeats which are microsatellites.
- In DNA Fingerprinting RFLP, AFLP and PCR techniques are used, whereas in DNA profiling only PCR technique is used.
Answer:-2
Explanation
|
DNA fingerprinting |
DNA profiling |
|
·
The
analysis of DNA in order to identify individuals is known as DNA
fingerprinting. ·
A
molecular genetic method which allows the identification of individuals
according to the unique patterns of DNA is exercised here. ·
Focuses
on VNTRs including both minisatellites and microsatellites. ·
Generally,
the techniques which are used in fingerprinting are RFLP, AFLP and PCR. Thus
it is a cumbersome method with many steps. |
·
It is
the analysis of individuals DNA characteristics for forensic studies. ·
A
forensic technique important in both criminal investigations and parent test
testing. ·
It
mainly focuses on STRs that is short tandem repeats which are
microsatellites. ·
Here the
only technique is used is PCR. |
Q4.
What are the techniques generally used for DNA profiling?
- RFLP
- AFLP
- STR
- PCR
Answer:- 4
Q5.
Which of the following statement is correct about the VNTR and STR?
- VNTR means verified number of tandem repeats; STR means short tandem repeats
- VNTR means variable number of tandem repeats; STR means short tandem repeats
- VNTR means verified number of tandem repeats; STR means selected tandem repeats
- All are incorrect
Answer:- 2
Explanation
|
VNTR |
STR |
|
·
Variable
Number of Tandem Repeats ·
It is a
type of tandem repeat in which a short sequence of nucleotides that is 60
base pair repeated variable number of times in a particular locus. ·
It
consist of 10 to 60 base pairs. ·
It is a
type of minisatellite DNA. Consist of 10 to 1500 repeat in the array. Forms
an array of 0.5 to 15 KB. Thus, produces heterogeneous arrays. |
·
Short
Tandem Repeats ·
It is a
type of tandem repeat in which a short sequence of nucleotides that is 2-6 base
pairs are repeated in variable number of times in a particular locus. ·
It is a
type of microsatellite DNA which consists of five to 200 repeats in the
array. It forms an array of 10 to 1000 base pair thus produces homogeneous
arrays. |
Q6.
Find correct statement about RFLP?
- Full form is Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- variation in the DNA sequence recognized by restriction enzymes
- an enzymatic procedure for separation and identification of desired fragments of DNA.
- Steps involved in RFLP: Restriction digest, Gel electrophoresis, Denaturation, Blotting, Baking and blocking, Hybridization and visualization
- All are correct
Answer:- 5
Explanation
|
RAPD |
RFLP |
|
·
Randomly
amplified polymorphic DNA ·
It is a
PCR based technique for identifying genetic variation. ·
It
involves in the application of genetic markers in the genome by using random
primers. ·
It
requires a small quantity of DNA for example 10 to 15 nanograms for the
analysis. ·
It is
just random primers universal for any species. ·
Has few
steps and hence it is a rapid process and less reliable. ·
It can
detect one to 10 Loci. ·
It is
unable to detect allelic variants. ·
It is
important for gene mapping, population genetics, molecular evolutionary
genetics, animal and plant breeding etc. |
·
Restriction
fragment length polymorphism ·
A
molecular matter of genetic analysis, which allows individuals to be
identified based on unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting in specific
regions of DNA. ·
It is a
non physical based method so it involves the restriction digestion of the
genomic DNA. ·
It
declares comparatively large quantity of DNA for example two to 10 micrograms
would stop it uses species specific probes. ·
It has
more steps and therefore it is a slow process and a long process. ·
It is
more reliable it can detect one to three loci. it can detect allelic
variants. ·
Therefore,
it is important in genotyping, forensics, paternity testing, the detection of
patterns inherited diseases and in the detection of disease carriers. |
Q7.
What is the concept of molecular autopsy?
- Molecular testing
- Used to determine the cause of death after a negative autopsy report.
- Exome sequencing is a performed-on blood or tissue samples
- All are correct
Answer:-4
Explanation
- It is the molecular testing or we can say a set of molecular techniques used for forensic analysis to determine the cause of death after a negative autopsy report.
- The molecular autopsy study seeks to incorporate genetic testing into the post mortem examination of case of sudden unexplained death.
- Here exome sequencing is a performed-on blood or tissue samples collected from the cadaver or deceased persons.
Q8.
What do you mean by RTPCR?
- Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- Used for amplification of short tandem repeat loci used in DNA typing
- Most sensitive technique for mRNA detection and quantitation
- All are correct
Answer:- 4
Q9.
What do you mean by DNA hybridization?
- Formation of a single stranded nucleic acid either a DNA or double Helix DNA or an RNA-DNA duplex
- Formation of a double stranded nucleic acid DNA
- Formation of a double stranded nucleic acid either a DNA or double Helix DNA or an RNA-DNA duplex
- All are incorrect
Answer:- 3
Explanation
- DNA hybridization involves the formation of a double stranded nucleic acid either a DNA or double Helix DNA or an RNA DNA duplex.
- It is the first DNA based technique for the molecular discrimination.
- Here in the protocol for the hybridization the genomic DNA digestion is included with different restriction enzymes we just separated through agarose gel Electrophoresis on the basis of their molecular weight, then blotting and hybridization with DNA probe is done, the final razor then was a DNA fingerprinting comprising multiple band profiles.
- DNA fingerprinting provides an extremely powerful tool in molecular biology.
- Hybridization allows the identification and the cloning of specific genes, analysis of label of mRNA that is the messenger RNA in the cells, analysis of the copy number of the sequences in the genome, and DNA fingerprinting, among other applications.
Q10.
Which statement is incorrect about southern blotting?
- Used for detection of a specific RNA sequence
- Restriction enzyme is used to cut sample molecules
- Used for detection of a specific DNA sequence
- Typically agarose gel is used for electrophoresis
Answer:- 3
Explanation
Southern blotting
A method
used in molecular biology for the detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA
samples.
Southern
blotting combine transfer of electrophoresis separated DNA fragments to a
filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.
Here the
restriction enzyme is used to cut a sample of DNA into fragments that are
separated using gel electrophoresis.
DNA
fragments are transferred out of the gel to the surface of the membrane.
Northern
blotting
A technique
which is performed to detect the RNA sequences.
Here the
sample RNA molecules are separated by using gel electrophoresis.
The
identity fragments are transferred out of the gel to the surface of the
membrane.
Steps
involved in northern blotting analysis:
1. RNA isolation
2. Probe generation
3. Denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis.
4. Transferred to solid support and
immobilization
5. Pre hybridization and hybridization with
probe
6. Washing
7. Detection
8. Stripping and re probing
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