Questions Set-1: Forensic Biology

Q1. ABO blood grouping is based on

a.      Red cell enzyme
b.      Red cell antigen
c.       Plasma proteins
d.      HLA

ANSWER:

b. Red cell antigen

EXPLANATION:

ABO blood group system is the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens A and B. these antigens are carried on the surface of red cells that corresponds to the four main blood groups: A, B, O or AB.

Q2. Match the following:

LIST I		LIST II
a.	Urobilinagen test	I.	Saliva
b.	Gunzberg’s test	II.	Urine
C.	Creatinine test	III.	Faecal matter
d.	Starch-iodine test	IV.	Vomit

Codes:

a.       b.     c.   d.

a.      III.   IV.     II.   I.
b.      I.     II.      III.  IV.
c.       IV.   III.     I.    II.
d.      II.    III.     I.    IV.

ANSWER:

a.       III.   IV.   II.   I.

 

Q3. Assertion (A): Seminal Stains on cloth should be collected after drying in room temperature.

Reason (R): It causes disintegration of seminal stain.

a.    Both A and R are false.
b.      Both A and R are true.
c.       A is correct but R is false.
d.      A is false but R is correct.

ANSWER:

C. A is correct but R is false

EXPLANATION:

Drying at room temperature does not show degradation of DNA or reduction in DNA concentration.

Q4. Assertion (A): Presence of vaginal epithelial cells on the male genitalia is conclusive of sexual intercourse.

Reason (R): These cells can be detected by Lugol’s iodine test.

a.      Both A and R are false.

b.      Both A and R are true.

c.       A is correct but R is false.

d.      A is false but R is correct.

ANSWER:

b.      Both A and R are true

EXPLANATION:

Vaginal epithelial cells are flat cells that form the inner lining of the vagina. During sexual intercourse, these cells are transferred to male genitalia, which are analysed using Lugol’s iodine test.

Q5. Which of the following information cannot be obtained by examination of blood stain?

a.      Race
b.      Sex
c.       Cause of death
d.      Origin

ANSWER:

c.       cause of death

EXPLANATION:

Examination of blood stain serves as a source to gather information regarding race, origin and sex of the individual involved.

Q6. Which of the following statement is false?

a.      Medullary index of animal hair is 0.3 or more.
b.      Curls of pubic hair are different than beard hair.
c.       Pubic hair are mostly found at the sex related crime scene.
d.      Medullary index of human hair is 0.3 or more.

ANSWER:

d.      Medullary index of human hair is 0.3 or more.

EXPLANATION:

Medullary index of human hair is 0.3 or less than 0.3.

 

Q7. Rugoscopy is the study of

a.      Lip prints
b.      Finger prints
c.       Palatal prints
d.      Foot prints

ANSWER:

e.      Palatal prints

EXPLANATION:

Palatal rugoscopy or palatoscopy is the study of palatal rugae to establish a person’s identity.

Palatal rugae are irregular, asymmetric ridges of mucous membrane extending lateral from the incisive papilla and anterior part of the median palatal raphe.

Q8. Arrange the changes that appear in a cadaver in sequential order:

a.      Cooling, rigor mortis, marbling, mummification.
b.      Rigor mortis, cooling, marbling, mummification.
c.       Rigor mortis, marbling, cooling, mummification.
d.      Cooling, rigor mortis, mummification, marbling.

ANSWER:

a.       Cooling, rigor mortis, marbling, mummification.

EXPLANATION:

Cooling or algor mortis is seen first as body freezes to produce more energy to regulate the 98.6F temperature.

Rigor mortis appears in 1-2hrs after death, takes about 9-12hrs to develop.

Marbling is seen 36-48hrs after death.

Mummification is the dehydration of dead body, it takes 6 months to 12 months to mummify.

Q9. In forensic entomology, the sequence of events in the life cycle of an insect is

a.       Eggs, nymph, maggots, pupae.
b.      Maggots, eggs, pupae, nymph.
c.       Eggs, maggots, pupae, nymph.
d.      Pupae, maggots, nymph, eggs.

ANSWER

C. Eggs, maggots, pupae, nymph

EXPLANATION:

Eggs: The life cycle typically begins with the deposition of eggs by adult insects onto or near a suitable substrate, such as a decomposing body.

Maggots: Upon hatching from the eggs, the insect larvae, often referred to as maggots, emerge. These maggots feed voraciously on the decomposing tissue, aiding in its breakdown.

Pupae: As the larvae mature, they enter the pupal stage. During this stage, the insect undergoes metamorphosis inside a protective casing known as a puparium. The pupae may be found near the decomposing body.

Nymph: After completing metamorphosis, the adult insect emerges from the puparium. It is important to note that the term "nymph" typically refers to the immature stage of development in insects like certain species of flies and bugs, but it is not always part of the life cycle in forensic entomology, especially when dealing with flies commonly used for estimating the postmortem interval.

Q10. Which of the following preservative is used for preserving hair for DNA analysis?

a.       Normal saline
b.      Dimethyl sulfoxide
c.       Rectified spirit
d.      No preservative is required

ANSWER:

d.  No preservative is required

EXPLANATION:

No preservative is required for extraction of DNA in hair and nail samples.

Authur:- Srishti Dutta