Questions Set-2_Forensic Document

Q1. Inks with polyethylene glycol base began replacing the oil-based ink in ball-point pens in the year:

a. 1940s

b. 1952

c. 1960s

d. 1972

ANSWER:

c. 1960s

EXPLANATION:

In the 1960s, there was a significant shift in the composition of inks used in ball-point pens. Traditional oil-based inks were gradually replaced with newer formulations containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a base. This change improved the performance of ball-point pens by offering smoother writing, faster drying times, and reduced smudging.

Q2. The standard writing of a person must represent and show

A.      His writing at different times and under varying conditions.
B.      How he wrote at the time of questioned writing.
C.      Furnish the person with a similar type of pen and paper and asked him to write a few lines.
D.     Must prove that they are written by the person to whom it is attributed.
E.      To include enough material to show the pictorial appearance of his writing.
Codes:
a.      A, B and E only
b.      B, C and E only
c.       C, D and A only
d.      A, B and D only

ANSWER:

d. A, B and D only

EXPLANATION:

A. His writing at different times and under varying conditions: True. The standard writing of a person should ideally include samples of their writing from different times and under different conditions to provide a comprehensive representation of their handwriting characteristics.

B. How he wrote at the time of questioned writing: True. Comparing the questioned writing with the standard writing of the person at the time of the questioned writing is essential in forensic document examination to determine consistency or inconsistencies in handwriting features.

D. Must prove that they are written by the person to whom it is attributed: True. It is crucial to establish the authenticity of the standard writing samples and ensure they are indeed written by the person to whom they are attributed to maintain the integrity and reliability of the comparison process.

Q3. Given below are two statements

Statement I: The weight of the hand gradation of pressure and placing of emphasis radically changes the appearance of writing as a whole without changing the form.

Statement II: These delicate characters almost baffle simulation and if examined properly are always among the strongest evidence of genuineness.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a.      both statement I and II are correct
b.      both statement I and II are incorrect
c.       Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
d.      Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a. both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

Variations in the pressure applied while writing, as well as emphasis placed on certain strokes or letters, can significantly alter the appearance of handwriting without changing the fundamental form of the letters.

Handwriting features such as variations in pressure, emphasis, and other delicate characteristics are often difficult to imitate accurately, and they can provide strong evidence of the genuineness of handwriting when examined properly.

Q4. A gap within a stroke when the writing instrument leaves the paper is called a

a. Retrace

b. Cusp

c. Hiatus

d. Buckle

ANSWER:

c. Hiatus

EXPLANATION:

A gap within a stroke when the writing instrument leaves the paper is called a hiatus. This term is commonly used in handwriting analysis and refers to interruptions or breaks within the continuity of a stroke. It can occur when the writer momentarily lifts the writing instrument off the paper or changes direction while writing.

Q5. Which of the following types of ink, if erased, can be restored with the sulfocyanic acid fuming method?

a.      Printing inks
b.      Iron base inks
c.       Inkjet inks
d.      Ball-pen inks

ANSWER:

b. Iron base inks

Q6. Presence of a specular reflection by gel-pen stroke, discontinuity of sheet of a laser printer, skipping of and a gap in gel-pen stroke indicates

A.      Gel pen stroke is above
B.      Gel pen stroke is below
C.      Laser printer stroke is above
D.     Laser printer stroke is below’

Codes

a.      A and B only
b.      B and C only
c.       A and D only
d.      C and D only

ANSWER:

c. A and D only

EXPLANATION:

A specular reflection by a gel-pen stroke typically occurs when the ink from the gel pen is deposited above the surface of the paper, causing light to reflect differently compared to when the ink is on the surface.

Discontinuity of a sheet of a laser printer may suggest that the printing process (the stroke) is below the surface of the paper.

Skipping of and a gap in a gel-pen stroke could indicate that the gel pen stroke is above the surface of the paper, resulting in irregularities in the writing.

Q7. Match List I with List II

LIST I	LIST II
A. Escapement	I. The cylinder that serves as the backing for the paper and absorbs the blow from the typeface.
B. Type ball	II. Typewriters that print 1- characters to the inch.
C. Platen	III. A device containing all the typefaces of some single element typewriter and which by rotation and tilting prints the type characters.
D. PCA machines	IV. The spacing along the line of typewriting, that is, the basic letter spacing.
	V. The machine that prints 12 characters to the inch.

Codes

a.      A- I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
b.      A-II, B-III, C-V, D-I
c.       A-IV, B- I, C-III, D-V
d.      A-IV, B -III, C- I, D-II

ANSWER:

d.A-IV, B -III, C- I, D-II

Q8. Match List I with List II

LIST I	LIST II
A. That part of a letter that rises above the baseline.	I. Crossbar
B. A curved or angular projection usually occurring in an initial and terminal stroke.	II. Initial stroke
C. The stroke that intersects the staff or the main portion of the letter	III. Ascender
D. The first writing movement of a letter.	IV. Hook

Codes

a.      A- I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
b.      A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
c.       A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
d.      A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

ANSWER:

c. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Q9. Match List I with List II

LIST I	LIST II
A. Omission of parts of letters or even whole letter in signature.	I. Legibility
B. The case with which a reader recognizes individual letter and character shape.	II. Embellishments
C. The small or lower case forms of letters of Roman Script.	III. Abbreviation
D. Extended strokes that are easily made and are the natural outgrowths of speed freedom or individual caprice.	IV. Minuscles

Codes

a.       A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
b.      A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
c.       A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
d.      A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

ANSWER:

d. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Q10. Examination of handwriting in the suicide note will reveal:

a.       Cause of death
b.      Place of origin of these individuals
c.       Whether the suicide notes were written by these victims or not
d.      Age of the deceased

ANSWER:

c. Whether the suicide notes were written by these victims or not.

EXPLANATION:

Handwriting analysis, also known as questioned document examination, can provide valuable insights into the authenticity of a document, including suicide notes. By comparing the handwriting in the suicide note with known samples of the victim's handwriting, experts can determine whether the note was likely written by the individual who purportedly wrote it. This analysis can involve assessing various characteristics of the handwriting, such as letter formations, spacing, slant, pressure, and other features, to establish consistency or inconsistencies with known samples.

While handwriting analysis can provide important forensic evidence regarding the authenticity of the suicide note and potentially shed light on the circumstances surrounding the death, it typically cannot determine the cause of death, place of origin, or age of the deceased. These details are typically determined through other means, such as autopsy, investigation, and medical records.