Mock test Set-4

Q1. In forensic entomology, the developmental stages of insects are used to estimate the time of death. Which factor is most critical in determining the developmental rate of insects?

A) Humidity levels

B) Light exposure

C) Temperature

D) Soil Ph

Answer: C) Temperature

Explanation: C) Temperature. Temperature is the most critical factor affecting the developmental rate of insects, with higher temperatures generally accelerating development.

Q2. Which analytical technique is used in forensic science to determine the isotope ratios of elements within a sample, aiding in source determination?

A) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

B) Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

C) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

D) Raman Spectroscopy

Answer: A) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Explanation: A) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-MS is used for precise determination of isotope ratios, which can help trace the origin of materials.

Q3. What is the primary advantage of using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in forensic investigations?

A) It is less prone to contamination

B) It has a higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA

C) It is inherited paternally and provides unique individual profiles

D) It is more abundant in cells and can be obtained from degraded samples

Answer: D) It is more abundant in cells and can be obtained from degraded samples

Explanation: D) It is more abundant in cells and can be obtained from degraded samples. mtDNA is present in multiple copies per cell, making it useful for analyzing degraded or small biological samples.

Q4. In forensic ballistics, the comparison of striations on bullets involves the use of which type of microscope?

A) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

B) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

C) Comparison Microscope

D) Polarizing Microscope

Answer: C) Comparison Microscope

Explanation: C) Comparison Microscope. A comparison microscope allows forensic examiners to compare striations on bullets side-by-side to determine if they were fired from the same weapon.

Q5. In forensic anthropology, what is the significance of the pubic symphysis in age estimation?

A) It indicates nutritional deficiencies

B) It helps determine the biological sex

C) It shows distinct changes with age, useful for estimating age at death

D) It provides evidence of traumatic injuries

Answer: C) It shows distinct changes with age, useful for estimating age at death

Explanation: C) It shows distinct changes with age, useful for estimating age at death. The pubic symphysis undergoes predictable morphological changes throughout a person’s life, making it a valuable indicator for age estimation.

Q6. Which forensic technique involves analyzing the chemical composition of glass fragments to match them to a source?

A) X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

B) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

C) Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)

D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Answer: A) X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

Explanation: A) X-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRF is used to analyze the elemental composition of glass fragments, helping to match them to a specific source.

Q7. In forensic toxicology, the presence of which metabolite in urine indicates heroin use?

A) Benzoylecgonine

B) Methadone

C) 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC

D) 6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM)

Answer: D) 6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM)

Explanation: D) 6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM). 6-MAM is a unique metabolite of heroin, indicating heroin use when found in urine.

Q8. What does the term "phylogenetic analysis" refer to in forensic microbiology?

A) Determining the age of microorganisms

B) Studying the evolutionary relationships between organisms

C) Identifying antibiotic resistance genes

D) Tracing the geographical origin of a pathogen

Answer: D) Tracing the geographical origin of a pathogen

Explanation: B) Studying the evolutionary relationships between organisms. Phylogenetic analysis examines the genetic sequences of microorganisms to determine their evolutionary relationships and trace infection sources.

Q9. In forensic entomology, which method is used to calculate the postmortem interval (PMI) based on insect development?

A) Degree-day calculation

B) Morphological identification

C) Chemical analysis

D) Pollen analysis

Answer: A) Degree-day calculation

Explanation: A) Degree-day calculation. Degree-day calculations are used to estimate the developmental stages of insects, which help determine the postmortem interval.

Q10. In forensic digital analysis, what is the primary purpose of hashing algorithms like MD5 and SHA-1?

A) Encrypting digital evidence

B) Decrypting secured files

C) Creating unique digital fingerprints of files

D) Analyzing network traffic

Answer: C) Creating unique digital fingerprints of files

Explanation: C) Creating unique digital fingerprints of files. Hashing algorithms like MD5 and SHA-1 generate unique hash values for files, ensuring data integrity and verifying that the evidence has not been altered.