Questions Set-4_Questioned Documents

Questioned Document

Q1. What is the fundamental difference between freehand simulation and traced forgery in signature analysis?

a. Freehand simulation matches only letter shapes, while tracing copies pressure patterns.

b. Traced forgery uses mechanical aids, while freehand simulation relies on visual memory.

c. Freehand simulation lacks consistent pen lift patterns, unlike tracing.

d. Tracing cannot replicate line tremors, while freehand simulation does.

ANSWER:

b. Traced forgery uses mechanical aids, while freehand simulation relies on visual memory.

EXPLANATION:

Traced forgery involves the use of mechanical aids, such as light boxes or transparent overlays, to copy the original signature directly, while freehand simulation relies on observation and visual memory to mimic the signature.

Q2. How does the sequencing of ink and toner deposition in a printed document help?

a. Identifies the printer's manufacturing date

b. Detects modifications made after initial printing

c. Confirms the type of paper used

d. Determines the ink's chemical stability

ANSWER:

b. Detects modifications made after initial printing

EXPLANATION:

Analyzing the sequence of ink and toner deposition can reveal whether additional text was added or changes were made after the original printing process.

Q3. Given below are two statements

Statement I: Digital enhancement tools can reconstruct text from burnt or heavily damaged documents.

Statement II: Advanced software uses image processing to extract hidden details from degraded materials.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a. both statement I and II are correct

b. both statement I and II are incorrect

c. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a. both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

Digital tools like multispectral imaging and advanced algorithms can recover text from damaged or destroyed documents by enhancing faint or hidden traces.

Q4. In handwriting analysis, what does the term "proportional spacing" refer to?

a. Equal spacing between all letters

b. Spacing between words relative to letter size

c. The relationship between the size of upper-case and lower-case letters

d. Variable letter spacing based on the writer's habits

ANSWER:

d. Variable letter spacing based on the writer's habits

EXPLANATION:

Proportional spacing refers to the habit of variable spacing between letters or words, which is an individualized feature of a person's handwriting.

Q5. What is the primary reason two different pens with the same ink formula might appear distinct under infrared (IR) light?

a. Variation in paper absorption

b. Different pen nib pressure

c. Ink application thickness and surface interaction

d. Difference in manufacturing dates of ink

ANSWER:

c. Ink application thickness and surface interaction

EXPLANATION:

The thickness of ink application and its interaction with the surface affects how it reflects or absorbs IR light, causing variations even with identical ink formulations.

Q6. Which analytical method provides information about the chemical composition of ink without causing physical damage to the document?

a. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

b. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

c. Raman Spectroscopy

d. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

ANSWER:

c. Raman Spectroscopy

EXPLANATION:

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive method that identifies molecular vibrations to determine the chemical composition of inks. Other techniques like GC-MS are destructive and require sampling.

Q7. Given below are two statements

Statement I: The use of ultraviolet (UV) light can detect erasures on a document.

Statement II: UV light highlights differences in paper fluorescence caused by abrasion or chemical treatments.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a. both statement I and II are correct

b. both statement I and II are incorrect

c. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a. Both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

UV light reveals variations in fluorescence, helping to identify areas where erasures or alterations have been made.

Q8. Given below are two statements

Statement I: Indented writing can reveal the content of prior pages.

Statement II: Indentations are caused by pressure applied during writing, which transfers through multiple sheets of paper.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a. both statement I and II are correct

b. both statement I and II are incorrect

c. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a. Both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

Indented writing occurs due to pressure transferring through layers, leaving impressions on underlying sheets that can be visualized using tools like ESDA.

Q9. Given below are two statements

Statement I: The sequence of intersecting strokes in handwriting can always determine the order of writing.

Statement II: Overlapping strokes have discernible pressure and texture differences.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a. both statement I and II are correct

b. both statement I and II are incorrect

c. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

d.Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

EXPLANATION:

While overlapping strokes often reveal pressure and texture differences, determining the precise sequence depends on the materials involved and is not always definitive.

Q10. Which technique is used to describe the computer programme that helps analyze handwriting samples?

a. AFIS

b. FRCI

c. HSWP

d. FISH

ANSWER:

d. FISH

EXPLANATION:

FISH (Forensic Information System for Handwriting) is a computer-based system used in forensic document examination to analyze and compare handwriting samples. It assists in identifying similarities and differences between questioned and known handwriting samples, particularly for tasks like linking documents to a specific writer or identifying forged handwriting.

Author:- Bhawana Sharma