Questions Set-3_Questioned Document

Q1. Which technique is most effective for detecting alterations in a document's ink that is invisible under normal light?

a.      UV light

b.      IR light

c.       Polarized light microscopy

d.      Gas chromatography

ANSWER:

b. IR light

EXPLANATION:

Infrared (IR) reflectance is highly effective for detecting alterations such as overwriting or changes to ink that are not visible under normal light. Different inks absorb and reflect infrared light differently, which can reveal modifications that are otherwise hidden. Ultraviolet (UV) light is useful for examining fluorescence and ink types but is less effective for detecting certain ink alterations. Polarized light microscopy is used for examining physical structures rather than ink alterations.

Q2. What aspect of handwriting analysis involves comparing the relative dimensions and proportions of letters and words?

a.      Graphology

b.      Proportional analysis

c.       Characteristic analysis

d.      Line quality analysis

ANSWER:

b. Proportional analysis

EXPLANATION:

Proportional analysis involves comparing the relative dimensions and proportions of letters and words to assess the consistency and uniqueness of handwriting. This analysis can help determine whether different handwriting samples are from the same individual or if a document has been altered. Graphology studies personality through handwriting, characteristic analysis focuses on unique features, and line quality analysis assesses the smoothness and flow of writing.

Q3. Given below are two statements

Statement I: A typewriter ribbon can be used to determine the age of a typewritten document.

Statement II: Typewriter ribbons deteriorate over time, and forensic analysis can reveal the age and type of ribbon used.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a.      both statement I and II are correct

b.      both statement I and II are incorrect

c.       Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d.      Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a.      both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

The typewriter ribbon can provide clues about the age of the ribbon and, consequently, the document's age. As typewriter ribbons age, they show signs of wear and deterioration, which can be analyzed by forensic experts. This analysis helps in dating the document, as the condition of the ribbon can indicate whether it was used recently or a long time ago

Q4.  Which method is commonly used to examine the layering of ink on a document to reveal alterations or additional writing?

a.      Scanning electron microscopy

b.      Thin layer chromatography

c.       Reflectance transformation imaging

d.      X-Ray diffraction

ANSWER:

c.           Reflectance Transformation Imaging

EXPLANATION:

Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is a method used to reveal the layering of ink on a document. It captures the surface details of a document under varying lighting conditions, which can highlight different layers of ink, alterations, or additional writing.

Q5. What does “forensic ink dating” involve?

a.      Identifying brand of ink used

b.      Determining age of the ink

c.       Analyzing ink’s chemical composition

d.      Comparing ink patterns to known samples

ANSWER:

b.      Determining age of the ink

EXPLANATION:

Forensic ink dating involves determining the age of the ink to establish a timeline for when the document was written. Techniques such as analyzing the degradation of ink components or using chemical markers can help estimate the age of the ink.

Q6. Which of the following is a primary factor that forensic examiners evaluate when analyzing the authenticity of a signature?

a.      Ink composition

b.      Paper type

c.       Signature stroke patterns

d.      Document format

ANSWER:

c. Signature stroke patterns

EXPLANATION:

When analyzing the authenticity of a signature, forensic examiners primarily evaluate the stroke patterns, including the flow, pressure, and speed of the signature. These patterns can reveal inconsistencies or forgeries.

Q7. Given below are two statements

Statement I: Inconsistent typeface patterns in a document can indicate that it was produced using multiple typewriters.

Statement II: Each typewriter model has a unique typeface that can create distinct impressions on paper.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a.      both statement I and II are correct

b.      both statement I and II are incorrect

c.       Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d.      Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a.       Both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:
Different typewriters have specific typefaces that leave distinct impressions. If a document exhibits inconsistent typeface patterns, it could indicate that different typewriters were used to produce different parts of the document.

Q8. Given below are two statements

Statement I: Misalignment of typewritten text can be used to detect alterations in a document.

Statement II: Typewriters usually produce consistent and aligned text unless mechanical issues or alterations occur.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a.      both statement I and II are correct

b.      both statement I and II are incorrect

c.       Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d.      Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a.       Both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

Typewriters are designed to produce text with consistent alignment. Misalignment in text may suggest that the document has been altered or that the typewriter experienced mechanical issues.

Q9. Given below are two statements

Statement I: The presence of unique typewriter defects or wear patterns can be used to match a document to a specific typewriter.

Statement II: Each typewriter may develop distinct wear patterns or defects that leave unique marks on documents.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

a.      both statement I and II are correct

b.      both statement I and II are incorrect

c.       Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

d.      Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

ANSWER:

a.       Both statement I and II are correct

EXPLANATION:

As typewriters are used, they may develop unique defects or wear patterns, such as uneven impressions or missing ink in certain areas. Forensic experts can analyze these patterns to link a document to a specific typewriter. The unique characteristics of wear or defects on a typewriter can help identify it and match it to a document.

Q10. Which forensic technique helps determine the presence of erased or altered writing by analyzing the light absorption characteristics of a document?

a.       UV fluorescence

b.      Digital image processing

c.       Electrostatic detection

d.      IR

ANSWER:

a.       UV fluorescence

EXPLANATION:

Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence is used to detect erased or altered writing by analyzing how different substances absorb and reflect UV light. Altered areas may show up differently under UV light, revealing changes that are not visible under normal lighting. determine the cause of death, place of origin, or age of the deceased. These details are typically determined through other means, such as autopsy, investigation, and medical records.

Content Writer:- Bhawana Sharma